%% econ.bst: BibTeX style file for papers in economics.
%
% Author: Shiro Takeda
% Maintainer: Shiro Takeda
% Copyright (C) 2001-2018 Shiro Takeda
% First-written:       <2007/07/28>
% Version: 3.0
% Keywords: TeX, BibTeX, bst 
% URL: https://github.com/ShiroTakeda/econ-bst

% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 2005/12/01 or later.
%
% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
% 
% The Current Maintainer of this work is Shiro Takeda.

%% Main features of econ.bst.

% "econ.bst" is a BibTeX style file for economics. It provids the following
% features:

% 1) The author-year type citation (you need "natbib.sty" as well).
% 2) Reference style used in economics papers ("econ.bst" is not a BibTeX style
%    for a specific journal).
% 3) Highly customizable.  You can easily customize reference style as you wish.
% 4) You can use "certified random order" proposed by Ray ⓡ Robson (2018)
%    (http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20161492).

% Bug reports, requests and suggestions are welcome. 

% For changelogs, see CHANGES.txt file.

% version number
FUNCTION {econ.version} { "3.0" }

% File name
FUNCTION {econ.file} { "econ.bst" }

% Debug mode. Non-zero makes debug mode on.
FUNCTION {econ.debug}
{ #0 }    % Debug mode off (default).
% { #1 }    % Debug mode on.

ENTRY
%%% Declaration of field
{ access address author booktitle chapter doi edition editor howpublished
institution journal key month note number organization pages publisher
school series title type url volume year
% Fields specific to econ.bst
order absorder nameorder
}

% Definition of entry variable.  The entry variable is a variable which has
% different values according to different entries.
%% Integer entry variable:
{ order.cited }

%% String entry variable
{ label cyear flabel alabel extra.label sort.label sort.label.abb
extra.label.bysame nameorder.temp jname }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%%      Functions for customization:
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Use \bysame or not.
%
% If set to #0, \bysame is not used.
% If set to #1, \bysame is used 
% If set to #2, \bysame is used (alternative abbreviation style).
%
% Note that integer number is expressed as # + integer in bst file.
% \bysame is the function that abbreviates succession of the same authors' name by ---.
%
% See econ-sample.pdf for details.
% 
FUNCTION {bst.use.bysame}
% { #0 }    % Not use \bysame
{ #1 }    % -> Use \bysame (default)
% { #2 }    % -> Use \bysame of alternative style.

% The definition of \bysame command.
%
FUNCTION {bst.bysame.definition}
{ "\hskip.3em \leavevmode\rule[.5ex]{3em}{.3pt}\hskip0.5em" } % (default)
% { "\leavevmode\hbox to\leftmargin{\hrulefill\,\,}" } % If you set #2 to bst.use.bysame, use this.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% The order of fist and last name.
%
FUNCTION {bst.author.name}
{ #0 }    % (default)
% { #1 }
% { #2 }

% Case of #0: First author -> last-first, other authors -> first-last. 
% Fujita, Masahisa, Paul R. Krugman, and Anthony J. Venables. 

% Case of #1: All authors -> last-first
% Fujita, Masahisa, Krugman, Paul R., and Venables, Anthony J.

% Case of #2: All authors -> first-last
% Masahisa Fujita, Paul R. Krugman, and Anthony J. Venables.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Abbreviate first name of authors (editors):
%
FUNCTION {bst.first.name.initial}
{ #0 }    % #0 -> full letters (default).
% { #1 }    % Non-zero -> initial letter only.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Decapitalize of strings in title field.
%
FUNCTION {bst.title.lower.case}
{ #0 }    % If #0, not decapitalize title (default).
% { #1 }    % If non-#0, decapitalize title

% Hide title filed.
%
FUNCTION {bst.hide.title}
{ #0 }    % #0 -> Title field is displayed (default)
% { #1 }    % Non-zer -> Title field is hidden 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Hide month.
%
FUNCTION {bst.hide.month}
{ #0 }    % #0 -> show month field (default).
% { #1 }    % non-#0 -> hide month field.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Attach number index like plain.bst.
%
FUNCTION {bst.use.number.index}
{ #0 }    % Not use number index (default).
% { #1 }    % Non-#0 -> Use number index

% The string before number index:
%
FUNCTION {bst.number.index.pre}
{ "[" }    % (default)

% The string after number index.  Adjustment is recommended.
%
FUNCTION {bst.number.index.post}
{ "]\hskip1.0em " }    % (default)

% Maximum digit of number index:
% If the number of reference items >= 100, set 3 to this function.
% If the number of reference items < 100, set 2 to this function.
% If the number of reference items < 10, set 1 to this function.
%
FUNCTION {bst.number.index.digit}
{ "2" }    % (default)
% { "3" }

% The functions below are used to adjust space and postion.  If you use fonts
% other than computer modern fonts, you had better make adjustments.
%
% Setting for bst.number.index.digit = 1:
FUNCTION {bst.number.index.bibhang.one}
{ "2.05em" }    % (default)
% Setting for bst.number.index.digit = 2:
FUNCTION {bst.number.index.bibhang.ten}
{ "2.55em" }    % (default)
% Setting for bst.number.index.digit = 3:
FUNCTION {bst.number.index.bibhang.hund}
{ "3.05em" }    % (default).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Position of "year":
%
% You can choose the position of year by this function.
%
% If set to #0, year is placed right after "author".
% If set to non-zero, year is placed at the end (before note field) except for
% aritcle type entry. 
%
% In article type entry, the position of year changes according to the
% following rule:
% 
% #1 -> year is placed at the end.
% #2 -> year is placed after journal name in aritcle type entry.
% #3 -> year is placed after volume in aritcle type entry.
%
FUNCTION {bst.year.position}
{ #0 }    % (default).
% { #1 }    % Last place before note.
% { #2 }    % After journal name for aticle type entry.
% { #3 }    % After volume for aticle type entry.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% If 0, references are sorted by old documents -> recent documents.  If
% non-zero, reverse order.
FUNCTION {bst.reverse.year}
{ #0 }    % Normal order (old -> recent) (default).
% { #1 }    % inverse order (recent -> old)

% If non-zero, sort references by using year field as the primary key
% (chronological sorting).
FUNCTION {bst.sort.year}
{ #0 }    % Normal case: year is used as the sorting key next to author (default).
% { #1 }    % year is used as the primary sorting key.


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% If non-zero, references are listed in citation order.
%
FUNCTION {bst.no.sort}
{ #0 }    % (default)
% { #1 }    % listed in citation order.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Non-zero -> sort references by entry type (article, book, incollection etc.)
%
FUNCTION {bst.sort.entry.type}
{ #0 }    % #0 -> Normal (not sort references by entry type) (default).
% { #1 }    % Non-zero -> sort references by entry type.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% 0 -> use absorder field to sort items.  Otherwise, ignore absorder field.
%
FUNCTION {bst.notuse.absorder.field}
{ #0 }    % #0 -> Use absorder (default).
% { #1 }    % Non-#0 -> Not use absorder.
%
% Order of priority to sort items
% 
% absorder -> author -> year -> order -> month -> title
%
% wehre absorder and order fields are specific to econ.bst.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% 0 -> use order field to sort items.  Otherwise, ignore order field.
% Note: order field is specific to econ.bst.
FUNCTION {bst.notuse.order.field}
{ #0 }    % #0 -> Use order field (default).
% { #1 }    % Non-#0 -> not use order field.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%     and

%%% String used to separate author names in references.
%
% String replaced with _ in "Mr. A _ Mr. B "
%
FUNCTION {bst.and}
{ " and " }    % (default)

%%% String used to separate author names in references (more than two authors).
%
% String replaced with _ in "Mr. A, Mr. B _ Mr. C"
%
FUNCTION {bst.ands}
{ ", and " }    % (default)

%%% String used to separate author names in citation part.
%
% String replaced with _ in "Mr. A _ Mr. B "
%
FUNCTION {bst.cite.and}
{ " and " }    % (default)

%%% String used to separate author names in citation part (more than two authors).
%
% String replaced with _ in "Mr. A, Mr. B _ Mr. C"
%
FUNCTION {bst.cite.ands}
{ " and " }    % (default)

%%% If you want to use random author order for some bibliography entries, set
% non-zero to this function.
% 
FUNCTION {bst.use.nameorder}
{ #1 }	% Use random order (default)
% { #0 }	% Not use random order

%%% String used to separate author names in references for the entry of random
% author order.
%
FUNCTION {bst.and.nameorder}
{ " \textcircled{r} " }    % (default)

%%% String used to separate author names in citation part for the entry of
% random author order
%
FUNCTION {bst.cite.and.nameorder}
{ " \textcircled{r} " }    % (default)


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Author names in the citation part are abbreviated by et al. if the number of
% authors is greater or equal to bst.and.others.num.
FUNCTION {bst.and.others.num}
{ #3 }    % If the number of authors is greater or equal to three (default).

% If the number of authors is greater than N1, only the first N2 authors are
% displayed in the reference part (and other authors' names are omitted by "et
% al".
% 
% The following function determines the value of N1.
FUNCTION {bst.max.author.num}
{ #8 }   % (default).

% The following function determines the value of N2.
FUNCTION {bst.max.author.num.display}
{ #3 }    % (default).


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Strings used when abbreviating multiple-authors in citation part.
FUNCTION {bst.and.others}
{ " et~al." }    % (default)

% Strings used when abbreviating multiple-authors in citation part for entries
% with random author order.
FUNCTION {bst.and.others.nameorder}
{ " \textcircled{r}~al." }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       author 

% The string before author:
%
FUNCTION {bst.author.pre}
{ "" }    % (default)

% The string after author:
%
FUNCTION {bst.author.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       year

% The string before year only for aritcle type entry.
%
FUNCTION {bst.year.pre}
{ " (" }    % (default)

% The string after year only for aritcle type entry.
%
FUNCTION {bst.year.post}
{ ") " }    % (default)

% The string after year for non-article type entry (book, incollection etc)
%
FUNCTION {bst.year.na.pre}
{ " (" }    % (default)

% The string after year for non-article type entry (book, incollection etc)
%
FUNCTION {bst.year.na.post}
{ ") " }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       title (except for title in book)

% The string before title:
%
FUNCTION {bst.title.pre}
{ "``" }    % (default)

% The string after title:
%
FUNCTION {bst.title.post}
{ ",''" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       tile for book:

% The string before book title:
%
FUNCTION {bst.book.pre}
{ " \textit{" }    % (default)

% The string after book title:
%
FUNCTION {bst.book.post}
{ "}" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       booktitle

% The string before booktitle:
%
FUNCTION {bst.btitle.pre}
{ " \textit{" }    % (default)

% The string after booktitle:
%
FUNCTION {bst.btitle.post}
{ "}" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       journal name

% The string before journal name:
%
FUNCTION {bst.journal.pre}
{ " \textit{" }    % (default)

% The string after journal name:
%
FUNCTION {bst.journal.post}
{ "}" }    % (default)

% Use the abbreviated journal name
%
% If set to #0, do not use abbreviated journal name.
% If set to non-#0, use abbreviated journal name.
%
FUNCTION {bst.journal.name.abb}
{ #0 }    % (default)
% { #1 }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       editor notation:

% The string that indicates multiple editors:
%
FUNCTION {bst.editors}
{ " eds. " }    % (default)

% The string that indicates single editor:
%
FUNCTION {bst.editor}
{ " ed. " }    % (default)

% Order of editor and booktitle in incollection and inproceedings entries.
%
% If set to #0: 	editors -> booktitle order
% If set to non-zero:	booktitle -> editors order
%
FUNCTION {bst.editor.btitle.order}
{ #0 }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       edition

% The string before edition:
%
FUNCTION {bst.edition.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after edition:
%
FUNCTION {bst.edition.post}
{ " edition" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       volume

% The string before volume:
%
FUNCTION {bst.volume.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after volume:
%
FUNCTION {bst.volume.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       number

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Hide number.  If non-zero, number is suppressed. 
FUNCTION {bst.hide.number}
{ #0 }    % #0 -> show number field (default)
% { #1 }    % non-#0 -> Hide number field.

% The string before number:
%
FUNCTION {bst.number.pre}
{ " (" }    % (default)

% The string after number:
%
FUNCTION {bst.number.post}
{ ")" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       in 

% In
%
FUNCTION {bst.in}
{ " in " }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       page

% The string before page (multiple pages):
%
FUNCTION {bst.pages.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string before page:
%
FUNCTION {bst.page.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after page (multiple pages):
%
FUNCTION {bst.pages.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

% The string after page:
%
FUNCTION {bst.page.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       chapter

% The string before chapter:
%
FUNCTION {bst.chapter.pre}
{ ", Chap." }    % (default)

% The string after chapter:
%
FUNCTION {bst.chapter.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       month

% The string before month:
%
FUNCTION {bst.month.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after month:
%
FUNCTION {bst.month.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       address
% The string before address:
%
FUNCTION {bst.address.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after address:
%
FUNCTION {bst.address.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

% You can choose the order of address and publisher by this function.
%
% If #0,	address -> publisher order (the default value).
% If non-zero,	publisher -> address order.

FUNCTION {bst.address.position}
{ #0 }    % Address is placed before publisher (default)
% { #1 }    % Address is placed after publisher 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       publisher

% The string before publisher:
%
FUNCTION {bst.publisher.pre}
{ ": " }    % (default)

% The string after publisher:
%
FUNCTION {bst.publisher.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       series

% The string before series:
%
FUNCTION {bst.series.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after series:
%
FUNCTION {bst.series.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       organization

% The string before organization:
%
FUNCTION {bst.organization.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after organization:
%
FUNCTION {bst.organization.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       school

% The string before school:
%
FUNCTION {bst.school.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after school:
%
FUNCTION {bst.school.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       institution

% The string before institution:
%
FUNCTION {bst.institution.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after institution:
%
FUNCTION {bst.institution.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       howpublished

% The string before howpublished:
%
FUNCTION {bst.howpublished.pre}
{ " " }    % (default)

% The string after howpublished:
%
FUNCTION {bst.howpublished.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       url

% Show or Hide url.  If non-zero, url is displayed. Otherwise, url is suppressed. 
FUNCTION {bst.show.url}
{ #1 }    % non-#0 -> Show url field (default)
% { #0 }    % #0 -> Not show url field.

% The string before url:
%
FUNCTION {bst.url.pre}
{ ", \url{" }	% (default)

% The string after url:
%
FUNCTION {bst.url.post}
{ "}" }    % (default)


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       Access

% This setting is valid only if there are "access" field in bib
% files. The value of access field indicates accessed date for URL.

% The string before access.
FUNCTION {bst.access.pre}
{ ", accessed on " } % (default)

% The string after access.
FUNCTION {bst.access.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       DOI (digital object identifier)

% This setting is valid only if there are "doi" field in bib files.

% Show or Hide DOI.  If non-zero, DOI is displayed. Otherwise, DOI is suppressed. 
FUNCTION {bst.show.doi}
{ #1 }    % non-#0 -> Show DOI field (default)
% { #0 }    % #0 -> Not show DOI field.

% The string before DOI:
%
FUNCTION {bst.doi.pre}
{ ", \href{http://dx.doi.org/" doi * "}{\urlstyle{rm} \nolinkurl{" * } % (default)

% The string after DOI:
%
FUNCTION {bst.doi.post}
{ "}}" }	   % (default)

% How to show URL and DOI fields when both fields exist.
%
% #0 -> Both fields are displayed
% #1 -> Only URL field is displayed
% #2 -> Only DOI field is displayed
%
FUNCTION {bst.url.doi}
% { #0 }    % -> Both fields are displayed
% { #1 }    % -> Only URL field is displayed
{ #2 }    % (default) --> Only DOI field is displayed 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       Other functions:

% The string before note.
FUNCTION {bst.note.pre}
{ ", " }    % (default)

% The string after note.
FUNCTION {bst.note.post}
{ "" }    % (default)

% The string that represents Technical report:
%
FUNCTION {bst.techrep}
{ "Technical Report" }    % (default)

% The string that represents master thesis:
%
FUNCTION {bst.mthesis}
{ " Master's thesis" }    % (default)

% The string that represents phd thesis:
%
FUNCTION {bst.phdthesis}
{ " Ph.D. dissertation" }    % (default)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%%      Functions for customization end here:
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

FUNCTION {bst.first}
{ "1st" }

FUNCTION {bst.second}
{ "2nd" }

FUNCTION {bst.third}
{ "3rd" }

FUNCTION {bst.fourth}
{ "4th" }

FUNCTION {bst.fifth}
{ "5th" }

FUNCTION {bst.st}
{ "st" }

FUNCTION {bst.nd}
{ "nd" }

FUNCTION {bst.rd}
{ "rd" }

FUNCTION {bst.th}
{ "th" }

%%%%% memo by Takeda

% "a" 'b := indicates substituting string "a" for variable b.

% Integer number #0, #1,...

%%% Function definition:
%
% FUNCTION {name}
% { 's :=
%
% }
%
% This is the definition of a function named "name".   The function "name" is
% used in the following way 
%
% "foo" name
% "foo" is an argument for the function "name".
%
% About the definition of a function with more than two arguments, see the
% definition of "chop.word".

%%% Declaration of variables:

%% String global variables:
STRINGS { s t tt }
STRINGS { year.num }
STRINGS { preone preten }
STRINGS { last.sort.label next.extra prev.author prev.author.aer this.author }
STRINGS { hang }
STRINGS { item.type }
STRINGS { tempa tempb }

%% Integer global variables:
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames name.num numtrunc }
INTEGERS { multiresult }
INTEGERS { index }
INTEGERS { len }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
INTEGERS { last.period.comma }
INTEGERS { len1.aer len2.aer i.aer }

%%% Definition of functions:
FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}

%%% Initialize variables:
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}

%%% Remove comma and add period:
%
%%%
FUNCTION {add.period.x}
{ duplicate$
#-1 #1 substring$ "," =
{ #-2 global.max$ substring$ "." * }
{ duplicate$
#-1 #2 substring$ ". " =
{ #-3 global.max$ substring$ "." * }
{ duplicate$
#-1 #2 substring$ ", " =
{ #-3 global.max$ substring$ "." * }
{ duplicate$
#-1 #2 substring$ ",'" =
{ #-3 global.max$ substring$ ".'" * }
{ duplicate$
#-1 #2 substring$ ".'" =
{ #-3 global.max$ substring$ ".'" * }
{ duplicate$
#-1 #2 substring$ ".~" =
{ #-3 global.max$ substring$ ".~" * }
{ duplicate$
#-1 #2 substring$ ",~" =
{ #-3 global.max$ substring$ ".~" * }
{ duplicate$
#-1 #3 substring$ ",''" =
{ #-4 global.max$ substring$ ".''" * }
{ duplicate$
#-1 #3 substring$ ".''" =
{ #-4 global.max$ substring$ ".''" * }
{ add.period$ }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
% mid.sentence
output.state mid.sentence =
{ ", " * write$ }
% not mid.sentence
{ output.state after.block =
% after.block
{ add.period.x " " * write$ }
% before.all
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period.x " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
% not mid.sentence, set to mid.sentence
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}

%%% If the last character is period or comma, set non-zero to
%%% last.period.comma.
FUNCTION {period.comma.p}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
t #-1 #1 substring$ "." = 
t #-1 #1 substring$ "," = or
t #-1 #1 substring$ ":" = or 
t #-1 #2 substring$ ".'" = or
t #-1 #2 substring$ ",'" = or
t #-1 #3 substring$ ".''" = or
t #-1 #3 substring$ ",''" = or
t #-1 #2 substring$ ".~" = or
t #-1 #2 substring$ ",~" = or
{ #1 'last.period.comma := }
{ #0 'last.period.comma := }
if$
}

%%% remove unnecessary comma.
FUNCTION {remove.pre.comma}
{ 's :=
s empty$
{ "" }
{ s #1 #1 substring$ "," = 
{ s #2 global.max$ substring$ }
{ s #1 #1 substring$ "." = 
{ s #2 global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

%%% output.nonnull.nocomma is the same as output.nonnull except that it does
%%% not add commas even in mid.sentence.
FUNCTION {output.nonnull.nocomma}
{ 's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
% mid.sentence
{ period.comma.p "" * write$ }

% not mid.sentence
{ output.state after.block =
% after.block
{ add.period.x " " * write$ }
% before.all
{ output.state before.all =
'write$
{ add.period$ " " * write$ }
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
last.period.comma #0 =
{ s }
{ s remove.pre.comma }
if$
}

% Not used in the current econ.bst.
% FUNCTION {output}
% { duplicate$ empty$
%     'pop$
%     'output.nonnull
%   if$
% }

FUNCTION {output.nocomma}
{ duplicate$ empty$
'pop$
'output.nonnull.nocomma
if$
}

% Not used in the current econ.bst.
% FUNCTION {output.check}
% { 't :=
%   duplicate$ empty$
%     { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
%     'output.nonnull
%   if$
% }

FUNCTION {output.check.nocomma}
{ 't :=
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull.nocomma
if$
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Format in bbl file:

% \harvarditem[Brezis et~al.]{Brezis, Krugman and
%   Tsiddon}{1993}{brezis93:_leapf_inter_compet}
% Brezis, Elise~S., Paul~R. Krugman, and Daniel Tsiddon  (1993) ``Leapfrogging in
%   International Competition: A Theory of Cycles in National Technological
%   Leadership.'', {\em American Economic Review.}, Vol.~83. No.~5. pp.
%   1211--1219.

% \harvarditem[abbreviated citation]{full citation}{year}{keyword} ...

%%% Add period and newline.
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period.x
write$
newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
'skip$
{ output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.check}
{ empty$
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}

%%% booktitle
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ booktitle empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.btitle.pre booktitle * bst.btitle.post * }
if$
}

FUNCTION {journal.name.sub}
{ 't :=
t #1 #4 substring$ "The " =
% Use #30 to handle with the long journal name.
{ t #5 #30 substring$ 't := }
'skip$
if$
t
}

FUNCTION {format.journal.name.abb}
{ journal 's :=
journal 'jname :=
s journal.name.sub 's :=
bst.journal.name.abb #0 =
'skip$
{ 
s "Academic Management Review" =
{ "Acad. Manage. J." 'jname := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
jname
}

%%% journal
FUNCTION {format.journal}
{ journal empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.journal.pre format.journal.name.abb * bst.journal.post * }
if$
}

%%% title for book
FUNCTION {format.book}
{ title empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.book.pre title * bst.book.post * }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.url}
{ url empty$
{ "" }
{ type$ "online" = bst.show.url or
{ bst.url.pre url * bst.url.post *
access empty$
{ "" * }
{ bst.access.pre * access * bst.access.post * }
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.doi}
{ doi empty$ bst.show.doi not or
{ "" }
{ bst.doi.pre doi * bst.doi.post * }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.url.doi}
{ url empty$
{ format.doi }
{ doi empty$
{ format.url }
{ bst.url.doi #0 =
{ format.url output.nocomma
format.doi }
{ bst.url.doi #1 =
{ format.url } 
{ format.doi }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

%%% and others
FUNCTION {bst.and.others.output}
{ nameorder.temp "random" =
bst.use.nameorder #0 = not and
{ bst.and.others.nameorder }
{ bst.and.others }
if$
}

%%% author and editor

% nameptr: author number
% numnames: the total number of authors
% namesleft: the number of authors which have not been processed.
% numtrunc: bst.max.author.num.display

%%% name
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
% insert 1 to nameptr.
#1 'nameptr :=
% Set the number of authors to numnames.
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=

numnames bst.max.author.num >
% If numnames > bst.max.author.num
{ bst.max.author.num.display 'numtrunc := }
{ #0 'numtrunc := }
if$

% Repeat if namesleft > 0 ---- Repeat from here
{ namesleft #0 > }

{
% Block A starts
nameptr #1 =
% A-1: If the author is the 1st author 
{ bst.author.name #0 =
bst.author.name #1 =
or
{ bst.first.name.initial #0 = 
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, ff}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, f.}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
if$
}
{ bst.first.name.initial #0 = 
{ s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
{ s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
if$
}
if$
}
% A-2: If the author is the second or later authors (not the 1st author).
{ bst.author.name #0 =
bst.author.name #2 =
or
{ bst.first.name.initial #0 = 
{ s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
{ s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
if$
}
{ bst.first.name.initial #0 = 
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, ff}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, f.}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
% Block A ends

% Block B starts
nameptr #1 >

% B-1: If the author is the second or later authors
{

nameptr #1 - numtrunc =
% If nameptr - 1 = numtrunc
{ #1 'namesleft := 
"others" 't := }
'skip$
if$

% If numnames <= bst.max.author.num
nameorder.temp "random" =
bst.use.nameorder #0 = not and

% If random ordering is used
{ bst.and.nameorder * t * }

% If random ordering is not used
{ namesleft #1 >

% If more than one authors are left
{ ", " * t * }

% If the author is the last author.
{ t "others" =

% If the name is "others"
{ bst.and.others.output * }

% If the name is not "others"
{ numnames #2 =

% If the entry have two authors
{ bst.and * t * }

% If the entry have more than two authors
{ bst.ands * t * }

if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

% When the author is the first author.
't
if$
% Block B ends

nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=

}
while$                        % ---- Repeat until here
}

% remove successive periods (commas) from author
FUNCTION {remove.ss.period.auth}
{ 's :=
s format.names 'tempa :=
bst.author.post 'tempb :=
tempb #1 #1 substring$ "}" =
{ tempa tempb * }
{ tempa #-1 #1 substring$ tempb #1 #1 substring$ = 
{ tempa tempb #2 global.max$ substring$ * }
{ tempa tempb * }
if$
}
if$
}

% <prev name list> <new name list> compare.names <modified name list>
FUNCTION {compare.names.aer}
{ 's :=
'tempa :=

%   "current.author = " s * "\\" * write$ newline$
%   "prev.author = " tempa * "\\" * write$ newline$

tempa num.names$ 'len1.aer :=  % len1 = the number of previous authors
s num.names$ 'len2.aer :=         % len2 = the number of current authors

% len1.aer := min(len1.aer,len2.aer)
% len1 -> min{ the number of previous authors, the number of current authors }
len1.aer len2.aer >
{ len2.aer 'len1.aer := }
{ }
if$

% start with an empty string, then while the components are the same
% add "\bysame"
""
#1 'i.aer :=

{ i.aer len1.aer > not }
{ tempa i.aer "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$
s i.aer "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$
=
{ #1 i.aer <
{ " and " * }       % \bysame で省略する著者の前につく and 
{ }
if$
"\bysame{}" *
i.aer #1 + 'i.aer := } 
{ #-1 'len1.aer := }
if$
}
while$

% add the rest of the second string
{ i.aer len2.aer > not }
{ #1 i.aer <
{ " and " * }
{ }
if$
s i.aer "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ *
i.aer #1 + 'i.aer :=
}
while$
}

%%% author
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.use.bysame #2 =
{ prev.author.aer author compare.names.aer 's :=
author 'prev.author.aer := }
{ author 's := }
if$
extra.label.bysame "bysame" =
{ "\bysame " }
{ bst.author.pre s remove.ss.period.auth * }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% editor
FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.use.bysame #2 =
{ prev.author.aer editor compare.names.aer 's :=
editor 'prev.author.aer := }
{ editor 's := }
if$
extra.label.bysame "bysame" =
{ "\bysame " }
{ bst.author.pre s remove.ss.period.auth * }
if$
s num.names$ #1 >
{ bst.editors * }
{ bst.editor * }
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors.alt}
{ author empty$
{ "" }
{ extra.label.bysame "bysame" =
{"\bysame "}
{ bst.author.pre author remove.ss.period.auth * }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% editor
FUNCTION {format.editors.alt}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ extra.label.bysame "bysame" =
{ "\bysame " }
{ bst.author.pre editor remove.ss.period.auth * }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% format.in.ed.booktitle
FUNCTION {format.editors.x}
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.editor.btitle.order #0 =
{ "" }
{ editor num.names$ #1 >
{ bst.editors " by " * }
{ bst.editor  " by " * }
if$
}
if$
editor format.names *
bst.editor.btitle.order #0 =
{ editor num.names$ #1 >
{ bst.editors * }
{ bst.editor * }
if$
}
{ "" * }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% Remove commas in the cases like "?." and "?,".
FUNCTION {remove.irrelevant.period.comma}
{ 's :=
s empty$
{ "" }
{ s #-1 #3 substring$ "?,'" =
s #-1 #3 substring$ "?.'" = or
{ s #-3 global.max$ substring$ "'" * }
{ s #-1 #4 substring$ "?,''" =
s #-1 #4 substring$ "?.''" = or
{ s #-4 global.max$ substring$ "''" * }
{ s #-1 #2 substring$ "?," =
s #-1 #2 substring$ "?." = or
{ s #-2 global.max$ substring$ "" * }
{ s #-1 #3 substring$ "?,~" =
s #-1 #3 substring$ "?.~" = or
{ s #-4 global.max$ substring$ "?~" * }
's
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

%%% title
FUNCTION {format.title.sub}
{ bst.title.lower.case #0 =
{ bst.title.pre title * bst.title.post * }
{ bst.title.pre title "t" change.case$ * bst.title.post * }
if$
}

%%% title
FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
bst.hide.title #0 = not or
{ "" }
{ format.title.sub remove.irrelevant.period.comma }
if$
}

%%% title for misc.
FUNCTION {format.misc.title}
{ title empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.title.pre title * bst.title.post * }
if$
}

% Convert "-" to "--" (for pages field)
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
""
%% while$
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{ "-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}

%%% year
FUNCTION {format.year}
{ year empty$
{ "there's no year in " cite$ * warning$
", " }
{ type$ "article" =
{ bst.year.pre year * extra.label * bst.year.post * }
{ bst.year.na.pre year * extra.label * bst.year.na.post * }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% page for book
FUNCTION {format.book.pages}
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.pages.pre pages * bst.pages.post * }
if$
}

%%% Attach tie for the string with two or less characters.
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}

%%% volume for book
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.volume.pre volume * bst.volume.post *
series empty$
'skip$
%% If there is series field
{ " of " * series * bst.series.post * }
if$
%       "volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}

%%% series
FUNCTION {output.series}
{ series empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.series.pre series * bst.series.post * }
if$
}

%%% number and series
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
bst.hide.month #0 = not or
% number is empty
{ series empty$
{ "" }
% series is not empty.
{ output.series }
if$
}
% number is not empty$
{ series empty$
{ bst.number.pre number * bst.number.post * }
% series is not empty.
{ bst.in bst.series.pre * series * bst.series.post *
bst.number.pre * number * bst.number.post * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}

%%% Number or not.
FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
"" 's :=
{ t empty$ not }
{ t #1 #1 substring$
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
duplicate$ is.num
{ s swap$ * 's := }
{ pop$ "" 't := }
if$
}
while$
s empty$
'skip$
{ pop$ s }
if$
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%      edition

% Convert edition to 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th etc
FUNCTION {eng.ord}
{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
#-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
{ bst.th * }
{ duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "1" =
{ pop$ bst.st * }
{ duplicate$ "2" =
{ pop$ bst.nd * }
{ "3" =
{ bst.rd * }
{ bst.th * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

% Convert first, second etc in edition field to 1st, 2nd (from jfm.bst)
FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
s "first" = s "1" = or
{ bst.first }
{ s "second" = s "2" = or
{ bst.second }
{ s "third" = s "3" = or
{ bst.third }
{ s "fourth" = s "4" = or
{ bst.fourth }
{ s "fifth" = s "5" = or
{ bst.fifth }
{ s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
{ s eng.ord }
{ edition }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

%%% edition
FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
{ "" }
{ output.state mid.sentence =
{ bst.edition.pre convert.edition "l" change.case$ * bst.edition.post * }
{ bst.edition.pre convert.edition "t" change.case$ * bst.edition.post * }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% month
FUNCTION {format.month}
{ month empty$
bst.hide.month #0 = not or
{ "" }
{ bst.month.pre month * bst.month.post * }
if$
}

%%% year and month
FUNCTION {format.date}
{ format.month format.year *
}

%%% Is multiple pages like 1-100?
FUNCTION { multi.page.check }
{ 't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty$ not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}

%%% pages
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ pages multi.page.check
{ bst.pages.pre pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect * bst.pages.post }
{ bst.page.pre pages tie.or.space.connect * bst.page.post }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% number
FUNCTION {format.number}
{ number empty$
bst.hide.number #0 = not or
{ "" }
{ bst.number.pre number * bst.number.post * }
if$
}

%%% volume
FUNCTION {format.volume}
{ volume empty$
'skip$
{ bst.volume.pre volume * bst.volume.post *
bst.year.position #3 =
{ format.year * }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}

%%% number, page
FUNCTION {format.number.pages}
{ number empty$
{ format.pages }
{ format.number format.pages * }
if$
}

%%% volume, page
FUNCTION {format.volume.pages}
{ volume empty$
{ format.pages }
{ format.volume format.pages * }
if$
}

%%% volume, number, page
FUNCTION {format.volume.number.pages}
{ volume empty$
{ number empty$
{ format.pages }
{ format.number format.pages * }
if$
}
{ number empty$
{ format.volume format.pages * }
{ format.volume format.number * format.pages * }
if$
}
if$
}

% volume, number, page
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume empty$
%% volume is empty.
{ number empty$
%% number is empty.
{ pages empty$
% warning
{ "there is no volume, number, and pages in " cite$ * warning$ "" } 
{ "" format.pages * }
if$
}
%% number is not empty.
% warning
{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$
format.number.pages }
if$
}
%% volume is not empty.
{ number empty$
%% number is empty.
{ format.volume.pages }
%% number is not empty.
{ format.volume.number.pages }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% chapter
FUNCTION {format.chapter}
{ chapter empty$
{ "" }
{ type empty$
{ bst.chapter.pre chapter tie.or.space.connect * bst.chapter.post }
{ ", " * type " " * chapter * }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% chapter, pages
FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
{ pages empty$
{ "" }
{ "" format.pages * }
if$
}
{ pages empty$
{ "" format.chapter * }
{ "" format.chapter * format.pages * }
if$
}
if$
}

%%% editor and booktitle
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
{ "" }
{ editor empty$
{ bst.in format.btitle * }
{ bst.editor.btitle.order #0 =
{ bst.in format.editors.x * " " * format.btitle * }
{ bst.in format.btitle * " " * format.editors.x * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

%%% howpublished
FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
{ howpublished empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.howpublished.pre howpublished * bst.howpublished.post * }
if$
}

%%% address
FUNCTION {format.address}
{ address empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.address.pre address * bst.address.post * }
if$
}

%%% publisher
FUNCTION {format.publisher}
{ publisher empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.publisher.pre publisher * bst.publisher.post * }
if$
}

%%% organization
FUNCTION {format.organization}
{ organization empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.organization.pre organization * bst.organization.post * }
if$
}

%% publisher and address
FUNCTION {output.publisher.address}
{ address empty$
{ format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma }
{ bst.address.position #0 = 
{ format.address output.nocomma
format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma }
{ format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma
format.address output.nocomma }
if$
}
if$
}

%% address, organization, publisher
FUNCTION {output.address.organization.publisher}
{ address empty$
%% address is empty
{ organization empty$
%% organization is empty
{ publisher empty$
'skip$
{ format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma }
if$
}
%% organization is not empty
{ publisher empty$
{ format.organization "organization" output.check.nocomma }
{ format.organization "organization" output.check.nocomma
format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma }
if$
}
if$
}
%% address is not empty
{ organization empty$
%% organization is empty
{ publisher empty$
%% publisher is empty
{ format.address output.nocomma }
%% publisher is not empty
{ bst.address.position #0 =
{ format.address output.nocomma
format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma }
{ format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma
format.address output.nocomma }
if$
}
if$
}
%% organization is not empty
{ publisher empty$
%% publisher is empty
{ format.organization "organization" output.check.nocomma
format.address output.nocomma }
%% publisher is not empty
{ format.organization "organization" output.check.nocomma
bst.address.position #0 = 
{ format.address output.nocomma
format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma }
{ format.publisher "publisher" output.check.nocomma
format.address output.nocomma }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

%%% misc
FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
and and and and and
key empty$ not and
{ "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
'skip$
{ pop$ " " type * }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
{ bst.techrep }
{ " " type * }
if$
number empty$
{ "t" change.case$ }
{ number tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}

%%% phdthesis
FUNCTION {format.phd}
{ bst.phdthesis }

%%% mastersthesis
FUNCTION {format.mthesis}
{ bst.mthesis }

%%% school
FUNCTION {format.school}
{ school empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.school.pre school * bst.school.post * }
if$
}

%%% institution
FUNCTION {format.institution}
{ institution empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.institution.pre institution * bst.institution.post * }
if$
}

%%% remove first ? characters.
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.note}
{ note empty$
{ "" }
{ bst.note.pre note * bst.note.post * }
if$
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%        \havarditem

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
"\harvarditem[" write$
alabel write$                 % alabel <- abbreviated citation
"]{" write$
flabel write$                 % flabel <- full citation
"}{" write$
cyear write$
% cyear = year
"}{" write$
cite$ write$                  % cite$ -> pusch keyword
"}" write$
% If number index is on
bst.use.number.index #0 =
'skip$
{ index #1 + 'index :=
"" 'preone :=
"" 'preten :=
bst.number.index.digit "1" =
'skip$
{ bst.number.index.digit "2" =
{ "\hskip0.5em" 'preone := }
{ bst.number.index.digit "3" =
{ "\hskip1em" 'preone :=
"\hskip0.5em" 'preten := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
}
if$  
}
if$
newline$
before.all 'output.state :=
""
% number index
bst.use.number.index #0 =
'skip$
{ index #10 <
% Insert spaces according to digit of number index.
{ preone }
{ index #100 <
{ preten }
{ "" }
if$
}
if$
bst.number.index.pre * index int.to.str$ * bst.number.index.post * write$
}
if$
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%        article

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.title "title" output.check.nocomma

format.journal "journal" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #2 =
{ format.date output.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.vol.num.pages output.nocomma

bst.year.position #1 =
{ format.date output.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%        book

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check.nocomma }
{ format.authors output.nonnull.nocomma
"author and editor" editor either.or.check 
}
if$
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.book "title" output.check.nocomma

format.bvolume output.nocomma
format.number.series output.nocomma
output.publisher.address

format.edition output.nocomma
format.book.pages output.nocomma

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%        booklet

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors output.nocomma
format.year output.nocomma
format.misc.title "title" output.check.nocomma
format.howpublished output.nocomma
format.address output.nocomma

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       inbook

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check.nocomma }
{ format.authors output.nonnull.nocomma
"author and editor" editor either.or.check
}
if$
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
%   format.book remove.pre.comma "title" output.check.nocomma
format.book "title" output.check.nocomma
format.edition output.nocomma

format.bvolume output.nocomma
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check.nocomma
format.number.series output.nocomma
output.publisher.address

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       incollection

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.title "title" output.check.nocomma

format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check.nocomma
format.bvolume output.nocomma
format.edition output.nocomma
format.chapter.pages output.nocomma
output.address.organization.publisher

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       inproceedings

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.title "title" output.check.nocomma

format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check.nocomma
format.bvolume output.nocomma
format.number.series output.nocomma
format.pages output.nocomma
output.address.organization.publisher

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.date output.nocomma }
{ format.month output.nocomma }
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       conference

FUNCTION {conference}
{ inproceedings }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       manual
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
author empty$
{ organization empty$
'skip$
{ organization output.nonnull.nocomma
address output.nocomma
}
if$
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull.nocomma }
if$
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.book "title" output.check.nocomma
author empty$
{ organization empty$
{ format.address new.block.check
format.address output.nocomma
}
'skip$
if$
}
{ output.address.organization.publisher }
if$
format.edition output.nocomma

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       mastersthesis

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.title "title" output.check.nocomma
format.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull.nocomma
format.school "school" output.check.nocomma
format.address output.nocomma

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       misc

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.misc.title output.nocomma
format.howpublished output.nocomma

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.date output.nocomma }
{ format.month output.nocomma }
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
empty.misc.check
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       Online

FUNCTION {online}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.misc.title output.nocomma
format.howpublished output.nocomma

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.date output.nocomma }
{ format.month output.nocomma }
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
empty.misc.check
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       phdthesis

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.book "title" output.check.nocomma
format.phd
format.thesis.type output.nonnull.nocomma
format.school "school" output.check.nocomma
address empty$
'skip$
{ format.address output.nocomma }
if$

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       proceedings

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
editor empty$
{ organization output.nocomma }
{ format.editors output.nonnull.nocomma }
if$
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.btitle remove.pre.comma "title" output.check.nocomma
format.bvolume output.nocomma
format.number.series output.nocomma
output.address.organization.publisher

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       techreport

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.title "title" output.check.nocomma
format.tr.number output.nonnull.nocomma
format.institution "institution" output.check.nocomma
format.address output.nocomma

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note output.nocomma
fin.entry
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       unpublished

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check.nocomma
bst.year.position #0 =
{ format.year "year" output.check.nocomma }
'skip$
if$
format.title "title" output.check.nocomma

bst.year.position #0 = not
{ format.date remove.pre.comma output.nocomma }
{ month empty$
'skip$
{ format.month remove.pre.comma output.nocomma }
if$
}
if$

format.url.doi output.nocomma

format.note "note" output.check.nocomma
fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type}
{ misc }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%       Alias for month names:

MACRO {jan} {"January"}
MACRO {feb} {"February"}
MACRO {mar} {"March"}
MACRO {apr} {"April"}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"June"}
MACRO {jul} {"July"}
MACRO {aug} {"August"}
MACRO {sep} {"September"}
MACRO {oct} {"October"}
MACRO {nov} {"November"}
MACRO {dec} {"December"}

%%% Read entries:
READ

%%% Variable for remembering the order of citation.
INTEGERS { order.num }
FUNCTION {initialize.order.num}
{
#1 'order.num :=
}
%%% Initialize a variables
EXECUTE {initialize.order.num}

%%% Variable for remembering the order of citation.
FUNCTION {set.order.cited}
{
order.num 'order.cited :=
#1 order.num + 'order.num :=
}
%%% Iterate for all entries:
ITERATE {set.order.cited}

%%% check the value of nameorder field.
FUNCTION {set.nameorder}
{ nameorder empty$
{ "" 'nameorder.temp := }
{ nameorder 'nameorder.temp := }
if$
}
%%% Iterate for all entries:
ITERATE {set.nameorder}

%%% Remove symbols and convert to lowercase.
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$ "l" change.case$ }

%%% names for sorting
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr #1 >
{ ", " * }
'skip$
if$
s nameptr "{ll}{ f}{ j}" format.name$ 't :=
nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
{ bst.and.others.output *}
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names.abb}
{ 's :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames bst.and.others.num <
{ s sort.format.names }
{ s #1 "{ll}{ f}{ j}" format.name$ " zz " * }
if$
}

%%% Label for full author name.
FUNCTION {format.lab.names.full}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ nameorder.temp "random" = bst.use.nameorder #0 = not and
{ bst.and.nameorder * t * }
{ ", " * t * }
if$
}
{ t "others" =
{ bst.and.others.output * }
{ numnames #2 > 
{ nameorder.temp "random" = bst.use.nameorder #0 = not and
{ bst.cite.and.nameorder * t * }
{ bst.cite.ands * t * }
if$
}
{ nameorder.temp "random" = bst.use.nameorder #0 = not and
{ bst.cite.and.nameorder * t * }
{ bst.cite.and * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}   
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
numnames #1 > #1 #2 = and {", eds" *} {} if$
numnames #1 = #1 #2 = and {", ed" *} {} if$
}

%%% laberl for abbreviated author name.
FUNCTION {format.lab.names.abb}
{ 's :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames bst.and.others.num <
% if the number of authors is less than bst.and.others.num, full name.
{ s format.lab.names.full }
% if the number of authors is equal or more than bst.and.others.num, abbreviated name.
{ s #1 "{ll}" format.name$ bst.and.others.output * }
if$
}

%%% abbreviated author
FUNCTION {author.key.label.abb}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names.abb }
if$
}

%%% full author
FUNCTION {author.key.label.full}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names.full }
if$
}

FUNCTION {format.names.full.wo.and}
{ 's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr "{ll}{, ff}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
nameptr #1 >
{ namesleft #1 >
{ " " * t * }
{ t "others" =
{ " " * }
{ numnames #2 > 
{ " " * t * }
{ " " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}   
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.full.wo.and}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ author format.names.full.wo.and }
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full.wo.and}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ editor format.names.full.wo.and }
if$
}
{ author format.names.full.wo.and }
if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.key.full.wo.and}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ organization empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ editor format.names.full.wo.and }
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.key.full.wo.and}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ organization empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ author format.names.full.wo.and }
if$
}

%%% abbreviated author
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label.abb}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names.abb }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names.abb }
if$
}

%%% full author
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label.full}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names.full }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names.full }
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label.full}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ organization empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names.full }
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label.abb}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ organization empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names.abb }
if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label.full}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ organization empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names.full }
if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label.abb}
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ organization empty$
{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ key #3 text.prefix$ }
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names.abb }
if$
}

%%% Convert numbers: 0->9, 1->8, 2->7,..., 9->0
FUNCTION {reverse.num}
{ 's :=
s "1" =
{ "8" 'year.num := }
{ s "2" =
{ "7" 'year.num := }
{ s "3" =
{ "6" 'year.num := }
{ s "4" =
{ "5" 'year.num := }
{ s "5" =
{ "4" 'year.num := }
{ s "6" =
{ "3" 'year.num := }
{ s "7" =
{ "2" 'year.num := }
{ s "8" =
{ "1" 'year.num := }
{ s "9" =
{ "0" 'year.num := }
{ s "0" =
{ "9" 'year.num := }
{ "9" 'year.num := }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
year.num
}

%%% Convert year (large number -> small number)
FUNCTION {convert.year}
{ 't := 
bst.reverse.year #0 =
{ t 'tt := }
{ t #1 #1 substring$ reverse.num 
t #2 #1 substring$ reverse.num *
t #3 #1 substring$ reverse.num *
t #4 #1 substring$ reverse.num * 'tt := }
if$
tt
}

%%% cyear
FUNCTION {calc.cyear}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.full.wo.and
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.organization.key.full.wo.and
{ type$ "manual" =
'author.key.organization.key.full.wo.and
'author.key.full.wo.and
if$
}
if$
}
if$
duplicate$
year empty$
{ "2199" 'cyear := }
{ year 'cyear := }
if$
year empty$
{ " " "2199" convert.year * field.or.null * }
{ " " year convert.year * field.or.null * }
if$
sortify 'sort.label :=
% For debug
econ.debug #0 = not
{ "sort.label = ``\texttt{" write$
sort.label write$
"}''\\" write$
newline$
}
'skip$
if$
pop$
}

FUNCTION {calc.sort.label.abb}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
{ editor 's := }
if$
}
{ author 's := }
if$
s sort.format.names.abb 't :=
year empty$
{ t sortify " " * "2199" convert.year * 'sort.label.abb := }
{ t sortify " " * year convert.year * 'sort.label.abb := }
if$
econ.debug #0 = not
{ "sort.label.abb = ``\texttt{" write$
sort.label.abb write$
"}''\\" write$
newline$
}
'skip$
if$
}

%%% flabel
FUNCTION {calc.flabel}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.label.full
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.organization.label.full
{ type$ "manual" =
'author.key.organization.label.full
'author.key.label.full
if$
}
if$
}
if$
'flabel :=
author empty$
'skip$
{ author num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames bst.max.author.num >
{ alabel 'flabel := }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
% For debug
econ.debug #0 = not
{ "flabel = ``\texttt{" write$
flabel write$
"}''\\" write$
newline$
}
'skip$
if$
}

%%% alabel
FUNCTION {calc.alabel}
{ type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
'author.editor.key.label.abb
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.key.organization.label.abb
{ type$ "manual" =
'author.key.organization.label.abb
'author.key.label.abb
if$
}
if$
}
if$
'alabel :=
% For debug
econ.debug #0 = not
{ "alabel = ``\texttt{" write$
alabel write$
"}''\\" write$
newline$
}
'skip$
if$
}

%%% title for sorting
FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}

%%% author for sorting
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}

%%% editor for sorting
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
{ organization empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
{ organization empty$
{ key empty$
{ "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}

%%% 1,...,9 -> 001,...,009
%%% 10,...,99 -> 010,...,099
FUNCTION {add.zero.to.number}
{ 's :=
s text.length$ #1 =
{ "00" s * }
{ s text.length$ #2 =
{ "0" s * }
{ s }
if$
}
if$
}

%% entry type
FUNCTION {bst.sort.entry.type.order}
{ 'item.type :=
item.type "article" =
{ "01" }
{ item.type "book" =
{ "02" }
{ item.type "booklet" =
{ "03" }
{ item.type "comment" =
{ "04" }
{ item.type "conference" =
{ "05" }
{ item.type "inbook" =
{ "06" }
{ item.type "incollection" =
{ "07" }
{ item.type "inproceedings" =
{ "08" }
{ item.type "manual" =
{ "09" }
{ item.type "masterthesis" =
{ "10" }
{ item.type "misc" =
{ "11" }
{ item.type "phdthesis" =
{ "12" }
{ item.type "proceedings" =
{ "13" }
{ item.type "techreport" =
{ "14" }
{ item.type "unpublished" =
{ "15" }
{ "16" }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}

%%% Create sort.key$: absorder -> author -> year -> order -> month -> title.
FUNCTION {presort.one}
{
bst.no.sort #0 = not
{ order.cited int.to.str$ add.zero.to.number " " * }
{ "" }
if$
bst.sort.year #0 = not
%% Use year field as the primary sorting key.
{ year convert.year * }
'skip$
if$
bst.sort.entry.type #0 = not
{ type$ bst.sort.entry.type.order * " " * }
'skip$
if$
absorder empty$
{ "/// " * }
{ bst.notuse.absorder.field #0 =
{ absorder "999" =
{ "zzz " * }
{ absorder add.zero.to.number "000" =
{ "/// " * }
{ absorder add.zero.to.number * " " * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "/// " * }
if$
}
if$
" " *
sort.label.abb *
" " *  
type$ "book" = type$ "inbook" = or
'author.editor.sort
{ type$ "proceedings" =
'editor.organization.sort
{ type$ "manual" =
'author.organization.sort
'author.sort
if$
}
if$
}
if$
* " " *
" "
order empty$
{ "/// " * }
{ bst.notuse.order.field #0 =
{ order "999" =
{ "zzz " * }
{ order add.zero.to.number "000" =
{ "/// " * }
{ order add.zero.to.number * " " * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "/// " * }
if$
}
if$
month empty$
{ * "/// " * }
{ month "999" =
{ * month add.zero.to.number * "zzz " * }
{ month add.zero.to.number "000" =
{ * month add.zero.to.number * "/// " * }
{ * month add.zero.to.number * " " * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
title field.or.null sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
% For debug
econ.debug #0 = not
{ "``\texttt{" write$
sort.key$ write$
"}''\\" write$
newline$
}
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {presort.two}
{
bst.no.sort #0 = not
{ order.cited int.to.str$ add.zero.to.number " " * }
{ "" }
if$
bst.sort.year #0 = not
%% Use year field as the primary sorting key.
{ year convert.year * }
'skip$
if$
bst.sort.entry.type #0 = not
{ type$ bst.sort.entry.type.order * " " * }
'skip$
if$
absorder empty$
{ "/// " * }
{ bst.notuse.absorder.field #0 =
{ absorder "999" =
{ "zzz " * }
{ absorder add.zero.to.number "000" =
{ "/// " * }
{ absorder add.zero.to.number * " " * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "/// " * }
if$
}
if$
" " * sort.label * " "
order empty$
{ "/// " * }
{ bst.notuse.order.field #0 =
{ order "999" =
{ "zzz " * }
{ order add.zero.to.number "000" =
{ "/// " * }
{ order add.zero.to.number * " " * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ "/// " * }
if$
}
if$
month empty$
{ * "/// " * }
{ month "999" =
{ * month add.zero.to.number * "zzz " * }
{ month add.zero.to.number "000" =
{ * month add.zero.to.number * "/// " * }
{ * month add.zero.to.number * " " * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
title field.or.null sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
% For debug
econ.debug #0 = not
{ "``\texttt{" write$
sort.key$ write$
"}''\\" write$
newline$
}
'skip$
if$
}

%%% Codes for debugging
FUNCTION {calc.alabel.mess}
{ econ.debug #0 = not
{ "\textbf{Iteration of calc.alabel: alabel = }\\" write$
newline$ }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {calc.flabel.mess}
{ econ.debug #0 = not
{ "\textbf{Iteration of calc.flabel: flabel = }\\" write$
newline$ }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION {presort.one.mess}
{ econ.debug #0 = not
{ "\textbf{Iteration of presort (1st time): \$sort.key = }\\" write$
newline$ }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {presort.two.mess}
{ econ.debug #0 = not
{ "\textbf{Iteration of presort (2nd time): \$sort.key = }\\" write$
newline$ }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.cyear.mess}
{ econ.debug #0 = not
{ "\textbf{Iteration of calc.cyear: sort.label = }\\" write$
newline$ }
'skip$
if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.sort.label.abb.mess}
{ econ.debug #0 = not
{ "\textbf{Iteration of calc.sort.label.abb: sort.label.abb = }\\" write$
newline$ }
'skip$
if$
}

%%% alabel
EXECUTE {calc.alabel.mess}
ITERATE {calc.alabel}

%%% flabel
EXECUTE {calc.flabel.mess}
ITERATE {calc.flabel}

%%% cyear and sort.label
EXECUTE {calc.cyear.mess}
ITERATE {calc.cyear}

%%%
EXECUTE {calc.sort.label.abb.mess}
ITERATE {calc.sort.label.abb}

%%% Sorting by $sort.key (first time)
%
% Sorting is done in two times. This is the first time.
%
EXECUTE {presort.one.mess}
ITERATE {presort.one}
SORT

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ bst.use.bysame #0 = bst.use.bysame #2 = or
% Not use \bysame
{ last.sort.label sort.label.abb =
{ last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
}
{ "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
"" 'extra.label :=
sort.label.abb 'last.sort.label :=
}
if$
}
% Use \bysame
{ last.sort.label sort.label.abb =
{ last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
}
{ "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
"" 'extra.label :=
sort.label.abb 'last.sort.label :=
}
if$
author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
'format.editors.alt
if$
}
'format.authors.alt
if$
'this.author :=
% format.names 'this.author :=
this.author prev.author =
{ "bysame" 'extra.label.bysame := }
{ this.author "" =
{ "abcxyz" }
'this.author
if$
'prev.author :=
}
if$
}
if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
{ "a" 'extra.label := }
'skip$
if$
extra.label empty$ not
{ cyear extra.label * }
{ cyear "" * }
if$
"" field.or.null *
'cyear :=
extra.label 'next.extra :=
}

%%% \bysame
ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

%%% Sorting by sort.key$ (second time)
EXECUTE {presort.two.mess}
ITERATE {presort.two}
SORT

FUNCTION {reset.prev.author}
{ "xxyyzz" 'prev.author := }

EXECUTE {reset.prev.author}

FUNCTION {forward.pass.two}
{ bst.use.bysame #1 = 
{ author empty$
{ editor empty$
{ "" }
'format.editors.alt
if$
}
'format.authors.alt
if$
'this.author :=
this.author prev.author =
{ "bysame" 'extra.label.bysame := }
{ this.author "" =
{ "abcxyz" }
'this.author
if$
'prev.author :=
}
if$
}
'skip$
if$
}

ITERATE {forward.pass.two}

FUNCTION{punctuation}
{
"%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%" write$ newline$
"%  This bbl file is created by " econ.file * " ver." * econ.version *          write$ newline$
"%  The latest " econ.file * " is available at " *			write$ newline$
"%  <https://github.com/ShiroTakeda/econ-bst>"                        write$ newline$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {punctuation}

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{
preamble$ empty$
'skip$
{ preamble$ write$ newline$ }
if$
bst.use.bysame #0 =
% Not use \bysame.
'skip$
% Use \bysame.
{ "%%% Definition of \bysame" write$ newline$
"\ifx\undefined\bysame" write$ newline$
"\newcommand{\bysame}{" bst.bysame.definition * "}" *
write$ newline$
"\fi" write$ newline$ newline$ }
if$
%% When number index is attached to the beginning of each item.
bst.use.number.index #0 =
'skip$
{ bst.number.index.digit "1" =
% one digit.
{ bst.number.index.bibhang.one }
{ bst.number.index.digit "2" =
% two digits.
{ bst.number.index.bibhang.ten }
% three or more digits.
{ bst.number.index.bibhang.hund }
if$
}
if$
'hang :=
"%%% Redefinition of \bibhang" write$ newline$
"\ifx\undefined\bibhang" write$ newline$
"\relax" write$ newline$
"\else" write$ newline$
"\setlength{\bibhang}{"
hang * "}" * write$ newline$ 
"\fi" write$ newline$ newline$
}
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{xxx}" write$ newline$

%% Initialize the variable `index'.
#0 'index :=
}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ }

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

EXECUTE {end.bib}

%  --------------------
%  Local Variables:
%  fill-column: 78
%  mode: bst
%  End:
